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Objective To evaluate the effect of the current immunization strategy for hepatitis B virus (Hepatitis B) in blocking mother-to-infant transmission in Hubei Province, and to explore the mechanism and possible influencing factors of failure of mother-to-infant blockade. Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 2 counties or districts in Hubei Province. Through maternity hospital health handbook, neonatal health record or hospital medical record system, hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive pregnant women in 2012-2018 years were included to retrospectively investigate their delivery status and the HBV infection status of their children. Results Among the 302 newborns, 32 were positive for HBsAg, and the success rate of blockade of mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B was 89.45%. Further analysis showed that 68.21% (206 / 302) of newborns were delivered in township hospitals, 66.23% (200 / 302) were delivered by caesarean section and 41.72% (126 / 302) were breastfed, while 16.89% (51/302) were positive for hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg), and 41.06% (124/302) were positive for anti-HBe. The vaccination rate of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) during pregnancy was 3.31% (10/302), and the newborn HBIG vaccination rate was 94.37% (285/302). There were 84.11% (254/302) of pregnant women taking protective measures in daily life. Logistic regression analysis showed that township hospitals (OR=2.82, P<0.05), HBeAg positivity during pregnancy (OR=8.68, P<0.05), and HBIG vaccination during pregnancy (OR=12.62 , P<0.05) were risk factors for failure of mother-to-infant blockade, while anti-HBe positivity during pregnancy (OR=0.22, P<0.05), vaccination of newborns with HBIG (OR=0.20, P<0.05), and protective measures taken in daily life (OR=0.28, P<0.05) were protective factors for mother-to-infant interruption. Conclusion Deliveries in township hospitals and HBeAg-positivity during pregnancy are more likely to fail in blocking of mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B. HBIG vaccination during pregnancy does not reduce the risk of blockade failure. Neonatal HBIG vaccination, anti-HBe positivity during pregnancy, and protective measures in daily life can reduce the risk of blockade failure of mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B.
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Objective:To investigate the factors related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children.Methods:Clinical data of 370 children who underwent 24h multi-channel impedance-pH monitoring (24h MII-pH) in Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2015 to December 2020 were enrolled in the study. The children were divided into GERD group ( n=202)and non-GERD group ( n=168) according to results of 24h MII-pH. The relationship of sex, age, body mass index (BMI), disease course, peripheral blood eosinophils count, IgE, Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, hiatus hernia of patients with GERD was analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results:In GERD group 124 were males and 78 were females with a mean age of (6.4±4.1) years (2 months to 16.75 years), and in non-GERD group 82 were males and 86 were females with a mean age of (8.0±3.5) years (10 months to 15.17 years). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex( OR=0.600,95% CI:0.396-0.908, P=0.016), age ( OR=0.537,95% CI:0.412-0.699, P<0.001)and hiatus hernia( OR=7.433,95% CI:2.567-21.520, P<0.001)were significantly associated with GERD of the children. Multivariate analysis showed that hiatus hernia ( OR=4.023,95% CI:1.298-12.470, P=0.016) was the independent risk factor, while male gender ( OR=0.567,95% CI:0.367-0.874, P=0.010) and younger age ( OR=0.613, 95%CI:0.459-0.819, P=0.001 ) were related factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children. Conclusion:Sex, age, and hiatal hernia are factors related to GERD in children.
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Objective:To evaluate the hemodynamic changes and short-term (one year) outcomes after superficial temporal artery(STA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass by vascular ultrasonography.Methods:Operation group included a total of 41 hemispheres of 38 patients who underwent STA-MCA bypass for severe stenosis or occlusion of MCA or severe stenosis or occlusion of internal carotid artery(ICA), or Moyamoya disease at Xuanwu Hospital between August 2017 and June 2020. The following examinations were performed in all patients: cranial MRI, CT perfusion imaging, and cerebral angiography. All of the patients were retrospectively followed up for one year postsurgery. Normal group included a total of 40 hemispheres of 20 healthy people who had been examined by vascular ultrasonography of carotid artery and intracranial artery. Inner diameter, peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), mean velocity (MV), resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI) and flow of STA, PSV, EDV, MV, PI, RI of external carotid artery (ECA) and PSV, EDV, MV, PI, RI of MCA at 1 week, 6 months and 12 months after STA-MCA bypass of operation group were compared with normal group.Results:①Inner diameter, PSV, MV and flow of STA were increased significantly in operation group at 1 week, 6 and 12 months than normal group (all P<0.05). The flow of STA was decreased significantly from 1 week to 12 months after operation (all P<0.05), but Inner diameter, PSV and MV were only decreased gradually from 1 week to 12 months after operation (all P>0.05). ②STA/ECA PI and RI decreased significantly after operation compared with normal group (all P<0.01). Conclusions:Vascular ultrasonography is a non-invasive examination which can objectively evaluate the extracranial and intracranial hemodynamic changes after STA-MCA bypass, and provide reference effectiveness of the operation. The flow of STA has decreased gradually from 1 week to 12 months after operation to achieve the homeostasis, but it is still higher than normal.STA/ECA PI and RI can be a steady indirect pointer to show the fluency of bypass.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy of flexion-lateral curvature-supination reduction combined with primary anterior surgery for the treatment of lower cervical dislocation with unilateral facet inter-locking.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed in the 32 patients who had been admitted to Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital for lower cervical dislocation with unilateral facet interlocking from November 2015 to October 2018. According to their treatments, they were divided into 2 groups. In the emergency group treated by flexion-lateral curvature-supination reduction combined with primary anterior surgery, there were 13 males and 3 females, aged from 24 to 63 years. In the traction group treated by cranial traction reduction combined with secondary anterior surgery, there were 12 males and 4 females, aged from 20 to 64 years. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, bone graft fusion, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were compared between the 2 groups.Results:There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing they were comparable ( P<0.05). All patients were followed up from 26 to 40 months. The hospital stay for the emergency group [(7.2±1.2) d] was significantly shorter than that for the traction group[(10.9±1.2) d] ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the operation time, blood loss, ASIA grade or JOA score between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). All patients achieved osseous fusion of intervertebral space. Conclusion:Compared with traditional methods, flexion-lateral curvature-supination reduction combined with primay anterior surgery shows no significant difference in the recovery of neurological function but leads to a shorter hospital stay.
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Objective:To evaluate the treatment of nonunion of lateral humeral condyle complicated with cubitus valgus with primary fixation in situ and secondary supracondylar varus osteotomy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was made of the 8 children who had been treated for nonunion of lateral humeral condyle complicated with cubitus valgus at Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital from January 2016 to March 2018. They were 5 boys and 3 girls with 5 left and 3 right sides involved. Their age at injury ranged from 6 to 14 years (average, 10 years) and the duration from injury to operation from 2 to 6 years (average, 4 years). At the primary stage, the fragments were fixated in situ with compressive cannulated screws after cleaning the nonunion ends, followed by iliac autograft. At the secondary stage, the humeral supracondylar varus osteotomy was performed after the nonunion was healed and the elbow range of motion recovered. The therapeutic effects were assessed by comparing the elbow range of motion, carrying angle and Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) between preoperation and the final follow-up.Results:All the patients were followed up for an average of 44.5 months (range, from 27 to 64 months). The average healing time for obsolete nonunion of lateral humeral condyle was 81.3 days (range, from 55 to 120 days) after the primary operation and that for supracondylar varus osteotomy 51.1 days (range, from 45 to 60 days) after the secondary operation. The elbow range of motion was 129.0°±4.6° before operation and 138.0°±5.4° at the final follow-up, showing a significant difference ( P<0.001). The average carrying angle at the healthy side in 8 children was 5.4° (range, from 3° to 8°). The carrying angle at the affected side was 31.9°±4.7° (range, from 25° to 42°) before operation and 4.0°±2.2°(range, from 1° to 8°) at the final follow-up, showing a significant difference ( P<0.05). Their preoperative MEPS was 57.5 ± 6.5 (4 good cases and 4 poor ones) but 95.9±3.4 (6 excellent cases and 2 good ones) at the final follow-up, showing a significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Treatment of nonunion of lateral humeral condyle complicated with cubitus valgus can be effectively carried out by cleaning fibrous tissue in the nonunion gap, iliac autograft and fragments fixation in situ with compressive cannulated screws at the primary stage and supracondylar varus osteotomy at the secondary stage. Intraoperative preservation of the blood supply to the nonunited fragments is the key to successful management.
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Objective@#To study the effect of low-to-moderate dose glucocorticoid therapy on viral clearance time in patients with COVID-19.@*Methods@#A total of 72 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from January 19 to February 17, 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University were recruited. All patients received oral abidol and/or combined lopinavir/ritonavir, darunavir antiviral, and symptomatic supportive care. Among them, 51 patients received methylprednisolone (0.75-1.50 mg·kg-1·d-1) (glucocorticoid treatment group), and 21 patients who did not use glucocorticoid were the control group. The time of stable virologic conversion insputumand the time of radiologic recovery in lungsince onset were compared between the two groups and among the normal patients.The Kruskal-Wallis test or Fisher exact test was used to compare the difference between groups.@*Results@#The median ages of the glucocorticoid group and the control group were 52 [interquartile range (IQR):45, 62] years and 46 (IQR: 32, 56)years, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). The clinical conditions at hospital admission were different between the two groups (P<0.01). There were 52.0% critical ill patients in the glucocorticoid treatment group, compared to that of 71.4% normal patients in the control group. The median times from the onset tostable virologic conversion to negative in the two groups were 15 (IQR:13,20) days and 14 (IQR:12,20) days (P>0.05), and the difference was no statistically significant. The median times from onset to radiologic recovery were 13 (IQR: 11,15) days and 13 (IQR:12,17) days in the two groups, and there was no difference (P>0.05). In ordinary patients, the median timesfrom the onset tostable virologic conversion insputum were no difference (P>0.05), with 13 (IQR:11,18) days in the glucocorticoid group and 13 (IQR:12,15) days in the control group; The median times from onset to radiologic recovery in lungwere also no difference (P>0.05), with 12 (IQR: 10,15)days in the glucocorticoid group and 13 (IQR: 12,17) days inthe control group.@*Conclusions@#Low-to-moderate glucocorticoid treatment has no effect on the time of virus clearance in patients with different clinical types of COVID-19. The glucocorticoid is not recommended since no effectiveness on accelerating the improvement of radiologic recovery in lung has been observed.
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Objective@#To evaluate the cognitive impairment in elderly patients with minor ischemic stroke and to analyze risk factors for stroke recurrence.@*Methods@#This was a retrospective case-control study.Ninety-five elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized in the neurology department of Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng were enrolled from January 2016 to January 2017.Based on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS), all cases were divided into the minor stroke group(NIHSS score≤3, n=62)and the medium-severe stroke group(NIHSS score>3, n=33). After 12-month follow-up, the NIHSS, modified Rankin scale(mRS)and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)were used to evaluate the study subjects.@*Results@#Of the 95 patients, there were 62 males(65.3%)and 33 females(34.7%), with age of(68.3±6.7)years.No significant differences were found in baseline characteristics of age, male ratio, subtypes and history between two groups(all P>0.05). But, the treatment rate of intravenous thrombolysis was lower in minor stroke group than in medium-severe stroke group[6.5%(4 cases)vs.42.4%(14 cases)(P<0.01)]. The scores of NIHSS[(1.0±0.5)vs.(3.2±1.1), P<0.01], mRS[(1.6±0.7)vs.(2.4±1.1), P<0.01]were lower in the minor stroke group than in the medium-severe group.After a mean follow-up of(12.6±1.9)months, the rate of cognitive impairment was comparable between the two groups(P>0.05), while the rate of post stroke depression had a significant difference between two groups(P<0.05). Furthermore, there was lower rate of mortality and stroke recurrence in the minor stroke group than in the medium-severe group(0.0% or 0/62 vs.30.3% or 10/33, and 21.0% or 13/62 vs.42.4% or 14/33, P<0.05). Cox proportional hazard model showed that baseline NIHSS score, diabetes and stroke history were the risk factors for stroke recurrence in patients with minor stroke(P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The treatment rate of intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA, mortality rate and stroke recurrence rate are lower in patients with minor stroke than in patients with medium-severe stroke, while the incidence of post stroke cognitive impairment is high.High score of baseline NIHSS, diabetes and stroke history are risk factors for stroke recurrence in elderly patients with minor stroke.
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Objective To evaluate the cognitive impairment in elderly patients with minor ischemic stroke and to analyze risk factors for stroke recurrence.Methods This was a retrospective case-control study.Ninety-five elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized in the neurology department of Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng were enrolled from January 2016 to January 2017.Based on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),all cases were divided into the minor stroke group(NIHSS score≤3,n=62)and the medium-severe stroke group(NI HSS score＞ 3,n =33).After 12-month follow-up,the NIHSS,modified Rankin scale(mRS)and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA)were used to evaluate the study subjects.Results Of the 95 patients,there were 62 males(65.3％)and 33 females(34.7％),with age of(68.3 ± 6.7) years.No significant differences were found in baseline characteristics of age,male ratio,subtypes and history between two groups(all P＞0.05).But,the treatment rate of intravenous thrombolysis was lower in minor stroke group than in medium-severe stroke group [6.5 ％ (4 cases) vs.42.4 ％ (14 cases) (P ＜ 0.01)].The scores of NIHSS[(1.0±0.5)vs.(3.2± 1.1),P＜0.01],mRS[(1.6±0.7)vs.(2.4± 1.1),P＜0.01] were lower in the minor stroke group than in the medium-severe group.After a mean follow-up of(12.6± 1.9)months,the rate of cognitive impairment was comparable between the two groups(P ＞0.05),while the rate of post stroke depression had a significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05).Furthermore,there was lower rate of mortality and stroke recurrence in the minor stroke group than in the medium-severe group(0.0％ or 0/62 vs.30.3％ or 10/33,and 21.0％ or 13/62 vs.42.4％ or 14/33,P＜0.05).Cox proportional hazard model showed that baseline NIHSS score,diabetes and stroke history were the risk factors for stroke recurrence in patients with minor stroke(P＜0.05).Conclusions The treatment rate of intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA,mortality rate and stroke recurrence rate are lower in patients with minor stroke than in patients with medium-severe stroke,while the incidence of post stroke cognitive impairment is high.High score of baseline NIHSS,diabetes and stroke history are risk factors for stroke recurrence in elderly patients with minor stroke.
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Objective:To study the effect of low-to-moderate dose glucocorticoid therapy on viral clearance in patients with COVID-19.Methods:A total of 72 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from January 19 to February 17, 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine were recruited. All patients received oral arbidol and combination of lopinavir/ritonavir or darunavir/cobistitat for antiviral therapy, and symptomatic supportive care. Among them, 51 patients received methylprednisolone (0.75-1.50 mg·kg -1·d -1) (glucocorticoid treatment group), and 21 patients did not use glucocorticoid (control group). The time of virologic negative conversion in sputum and the time of radiologic recovery in lung since onset were compared between the two groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test or Fisher exact test was used to compare the difference between groups. Results:The median ages of the glucocorticoid group and the control group were 52 (45, 62) and 46 (32, 56) years ( χ2=4.365, P<0.05). The clinical conditions at hospital admission were different between the two groups ( P<0.01). The severe cases accounted for 52.0%, while moderate cases in the control group accounted for 71.4%. The median times from the onset to virologic negative conversion in the two groups were 15 (13, 20) and 14 (12, 20) days ( P>0.05). The median times from onset to radiologic recovery were 13 (11, 15) and 13 (12, 17) days in the two groups ( P>0.05). In moderate cases, the median times from the onset to virologic conversion in sputum were 13 (11, 18) days in the glucocorticoid group and 13 (12, 15) days in the control group ( P>0.05). The median times from onset to radiologic recovery in lung were 12 (10, 15) and 13 (12, 17) days, respectively ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Low-to-moderate glucocorticoid treatment has no effect on the time of virus clearance in patients with different clinical types of COVID-19, and also no effect on accelerating radiologic recovery in lung, so it is not recommended.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of endovascular recanalization of chronic occlusion of large intracranial artery.Methods From January 2009 to January 2017,the clinical and imaging data of 15 patients with chronic occlusion of large intracranial artery admitted to the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University for endovascular recanalization were analyzed retrospectively.Twelve patients were V4 segment occlusion of vertebral artery and 3 were internal carotid artery occlusion.Preoperative whole brain digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used to assess the occlusion length and location.High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate the nature of occlusion and the feasibility of recanalization.The intraoperative bilateral femoral artery sheath placement was conducted in 13 cases,one side was used for recanalization and stenting,and the other side was compensated by filling the distal occlusion of the artery through collateral circulation as the reference path map,and increased the feasibility of recanalization.According to the thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) grades after procedure,the forward flow after recanalization was systematically evaluated,and grade ≥2b was defined as the success of recanalization.Results The median time between the first onset of symptoms and recanalization was 50 (range,18-365) days.The occluded recanalization sites included intracranial segment of vertebral artery in 12 cases and intracranial segment of internal carotid artery in 3 cases.Recanalization was successful in 13 cases and recanalization failure of the intracranial segment of vertebral artery was in 2 cases.Recanalization was successful in 13 cases,and intracranial vertebral artery recanalization failed in 2 cases.Of the 13 patients of successful recanalization,the forward flow of angiography returned to grade TICI 3 in 12 cases after recanalization,and returned to TICI 2b in 1 case;the symptoms of 7 cases were improved,the symptoms of 4 cases did not have any change,and the symptoms of 2 patients aggravated after procedure and developed transient ischemic attack or stroke.After 11 patients were followed up for a median of 39 (3-89) months,the median mRS score was 1 (0-2).Conclusion For recanalization of chronic large intracranial artery occlusion,using preoperative high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging evaluation and intraoperative bilateral sheath placement technique may increase the patency rate and reduce the perioperative complications.
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Objective To evaluate the imaging changes of the arterial wall and lumen at the site of intracranial large artery lesions with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) before and after Wingspan stent implantation.Methods From December 2013 to December 2014,9 patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis (stenosis rate:70%-99%) admitted to the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University were enrolled retrospectively.The sites of the lesions included middle cerebral arteries,basilar artery,and intracranial segment of vertebral artery.Head 3D HR-MRI technique was used to analyze and compare the changes of the tube-wall enhancement areas in the lesion sites through image registration and matching.The consistency of stenosis rates measured by HR-MRI and DSA was compared through Pearson correlation analysis and Bland-Altman Plot.Results The success rate of technique was 100% without related complications.(1) After Wingspan stent implantation,the gadolinium enhancement in the vascular walls of the stenosis sites was decreased significantly compared with that before procedure.The area of enhancement decreased was 87±16% after stent implantation compared with before implantation,and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.325,P=0.049).(2) Before stent implantation,the mean stenosis rates of the HR-MRI and DSA measurements were 82±6% and 82±8% respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (t=0.051,P=0.961);after procedure,the mean stenosis rates of HR-MRI and DSA measurements were 16±12% and 21±12% respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (t=1.345,P=0.216).(3) The Pearson correlation coefficients of HR-MRI and DSA for stenosis rate measurement before and after stent implantation were 0.347 (P=0.361) and 0.545 (P=0.129) respectively.Bland-Altman statistical images showed that most of the data points were within the consistency limit (x-±1.96 s).Conclusions As an in vivo noninvasive imaging means,HR-MRI can be used to assess the changes of vascular walls of the lesion sites,the vascular lumen,and the original plaques after the intracranial stent release.It can also be used to evaluate the reconstruction of intracranial arterial walls.
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Objective To evaluate the terminal segment of the intracranial vertebral artery (tICVA) fine and atherosclerotic lesions using high-resolution MRI (HRMRI) in order to guide endovascular interventional therapy.Methods From October 2015 to October 2016,4 patients with bilateral tICVA diagnosed with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and admitted to Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.At the same time,time of flight (TOF) and black blood imaging were used.The bilateral tICVA imaging features in 4 patients were analyzed.Congenital dysplasia of vertebral artery and atherosclerotic lesions were identified.Results DSA revealed that bilateral tICVA fine or occlusion.HRMRI evaluation of the vascular wall structure showed that vascular dysplasia in 4 cases were all located on the right sides,showing no obvious thickening of the wall thickness,and the diameter was less than 1/2 of the contralateral side.One patient had atherosclerotic stenosis on the left and 3 had occlusion,showing local wall thickening,plaque formation,and resulting in the narrowing of the corresponding lumen and even occlusion.Three of the patients were treated with endovascular intervention.Conclusion HRMRI is helpful to differentiate hypoplasia in terminal intracranial vertebral artery and atherosclerotic stenosis or occlusion,identifying the dominant side of the vertebral artery and providing image basis for endovascular treatment of vertebral artery.
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Objective To investigate the in-stent restenosis after vertebral artery ostium stenting (VAOS),and to determine the risk factors for in-stent restenosis. Methods Respective analysis of clinical data of 775 cases received VAOS in Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2012. Severe stenosis of vertebral artery ostium were diagnosed by DSA,and followed-up by ultrasound. The risk factors were assessed by COX analysis for in-stent restenosis ≥50%. Results This study included 775 patients. Surgical success rate was 99. 87%(n=774),technique success rate was 99. 48%(n=771 ). Two patients had cerebral hemorrhage after operation,one of them was dead. Four patients had cerebral infarction. The mean follow-up period was 12 months. The restenosis rate was 35. 89%(234/652 ). 79. 91% of restenosis occurred within 12 months after operation. COX analysis showed the vessels diameter after stenting was the independent predictors of in-stent restenosis (P<0. 01). The in-stent restenosis rate of drug-eluting stents was lower than metal-bare stents (HR 0. 532,95%CI 0. 397-0. 713,P<0. 01). Conclusion The in-stent restenosis was peculiarly prone to the smaller vessels diameter after VAOS. Drug-eluting stents were superior to metal-bare stents in preventing in-stent restenosis.
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Objective To observe the effect of small interfering RNA(siRNA) targeting Survivin gene on survivin expression,proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line MHCC-97H.Methods Survivin sequence specific siRNA was designed and synthesized.siRNA/liposome complex was transfected into hepatocellular carcinoma cell line MHCC-97H.The MHCC-97H cells were divided into Survivin siRNA group(Si-survivin),negative control siRNA group(NC group)and blank group (normal control group).Survivin mRNA and protein expressions were detected by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot,respectively.The proliferation of MHCC-97H was measured by methythiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay.The Annexin V/PI double labeled flow cytometry was employed to measure the apoptosis at 24 h after transfection in different concentrations of Survivin siRNA(12.5,25.0 and 50.0 nmoL/L,respectively).Results After 48 h of transfection,the Survivin mRNA levels were 0.55 ± 0.16 (Si-survivin group),0.85 ± 0.28 (NC group) and 0.93 ± 0.40 (normal control group),respectively,which were significantly different among 3 groups (F =414,P ＜ 0.01).The level of Survivin mRNA was the lowest in Si-survivin group,which was statistically different with NC group and normal control group (t =-20.56,-28.37,all P ＜ 0.001).The levels of Survivin protein expression in 3 groups were 0.602 ± 0.005 (Si-survivin group),0.835 ± 0.007 (NC group) and 0.993 ± 0.003 (normal control group) at 48 h after transfection,which were statistically different among 3 groups (F =238,P ＜0.01).The lowest level of protein expression was in Si-survivin group,which was statistically different with NC group and normal control group (t =-40.17,-66.03,all P ＜ 0.001).After 72 h and 96 h of transfection,the inhibitory rate of cell growth was significantly higher in Si-survivin group [(19.5 ± 3.6)％,(12.0 ± 0.9)％] compared with that in NC group [(3.6 ± 0.9) ％,(-1.3 ± 6.1) ％] (t--36.18,42.53,all P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis rates in 12.5,25.0,50.0 nmol/L Survivin siRNA were (22.64 ± 2.54) ％,(35.37 ± 3.28) ％ and (53.28 ± 4.35) ％,respectively.However,in NC group and normal control group,the apoptosis rates were (8.77 ± 1.25) ％ and (9.72 ± 1.37) ％.The rates were statistically different among those 5 groups(F =35.93,P ＜0.01).And in the apoptosis rates of siRNA groups in different concentratiom were statistically different when compared between each two groups (t =-29.73,-38.57,all P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Survivin specific siRNA can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis by blocking Survivin gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line MHCC-97H.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe waveform difference among cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) elicited with different types of air conducted sound in normal young Chinese subjects.@*METHOD@#Twenty adult volunteers (40 ears) were recruited as research subjects including 10 males and 10 females aged between 19 and 30.500 Hz Tone Burst, 1000 Hz Tone Burst and Click were employed as stimulus for conventional air conducted sound-cVEMP (ACS-cVEMP) examinations in bilateral ears of each subject. The response rate, threshold, P1 latency, N1 latency, P1-N1 latency interval, amplitude and inter-aural asymmetry were recorded and compared among groups.@*RESULT@#The response rate was 97.5% in 500Hz Tone Burst (39/40), 87.5% in 1 000Hz Tone Burst (35/40)and 67.5% in Click (27/40), There were no statistically significant difference between 500Hz Tone Burst and 1000Hz Tone Burst (P > 0.05) but there were statistically significant difference between click and the other groups (P < 0.05). We collected the waveform parameters (the threshold, P1 latency, N1 latency, P1-N1 latency interval, amplitude) which had statistically significant difference between 500 Hz Tone Burst and the other groups (P < 0.05). The inter-aural asymmetrys had no statistically significant differents among groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The response rate and parameter could be affected by different types of air conducted sound in normal young Chinese subjects. 500 Hz Tone Burst was the best stimulus of type what we have known.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Asian People , Neck , Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials , Vestibule, Labyrinth , PhysiologyABSTRACT
Objective To study the action of puerarin on Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expression of hippocampal CA1 neurons in ovariectomized rats, and explore its mechanism. Methods SD female rats were randomly assigned into sham operation group, model group, premarin group and puerarin groups (120, 60, 30 mg/kg). The model group and sham operation group were injected NS intraperitoneally, other groups were treated with corresping drugs for 30 d. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were used to determine Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expression of hippocampal CA1 neurons. Results Caspase-3 expression of hippocampal CA1 neurons was significantly decreased in high-dose puerarin group (P <0.05). Bcl-2 expression of hippocampal CA1 neurons was significantly increased in high- and medium-dose puerarin groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). Bcl-2 mRNA level of hippocampal CA1 neurons in high-dose puerarin group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Puerarin can decrease Caspase-3expression and increase Bcl-2 expression of hippocampal CA1 neurons in ovariectomized rats, and has protective effect on neuronal structure.
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Objective To investigate the biological response of survivin siRNA in A549 human lung cancer cells and Hela S3 human cervical cancer cells as well as K562 human erythroleukemia cells,in order to screen the working sequences of survivin siRNA.Methods Three sequences of survivin-targeted siRNA were designed and synthetized,and human cancer lines of A549,Hela S3,K562 were transfected with Hiperfect liposome entrapped survivin siRNA,respectively.The expression of survivin mRNA was detected by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with SYBR Green Ⅰ.Cell proliferation was detected by way of WST-8 cell count kit at 48 hours and 72 hours after transfection.Results The expression of survivin mRNA in all 3 cancer cells studied was significantly inhibited by all siRNA at 48 hours and 72 hours after transfection,gene expression inhibition ratio were 57.47％-88.53％ after transfection 48 hours and were 69.94％-95.03％ after transfection 72 hours.Cell proliferation was also significantly inhibited 48 hours and 72 hours after transfection,cell multiplication inhibition ratio were 27.88％-47.36％ after transfeotion 48 hours and were 42.59％-57.29％ after transfeciton 72 hours.Sequence 1 had the most inhibition efficacy on survivin gene expression and proli-feration in tumor cells.Inhibition rate of the three tumor cell gene expression of survivin at 48 hours are above 75％,72 h all over 90％,48 hours of cell proliferation inhibition rate are above 40％,72 hours of more than 50％.Conclusions The chemo-synthesized siRNAs can significantly down-regulate survivin mRNA expression in cancer cell studies.Survivin siRNA is capable of inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cell in vitro and it might be a new strategy for tumor-targeted therapy.Sequence 1 is the most efficacious working survivin siR-NA in the study.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of acoustic stimulus intensity on air-conducted sound elicited ocular vestibular- evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) in normal young Chinese subjects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-five normal subjects aged 4-40 years (20.80∓8.89 years), including 16 males and 19 females, were recruited for conventional oVEMP and cVEMP examinations. The responses obtained from each side using 500 Hz tone bursts were divided into 6 groups according to different sound intensities (100, 95, 90, 85, 80 and 75dB nHL). The response rate and normal parameters of each stimulus intensity group were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As the acoustic stimulus intensity decreased, the oVEMP response rate decreased from 100% in both 100 dB nHL and 95dB nHL groups to 97.14% (90 dB nHL), 54.29% (85 dB nHL), 14.29% (80 dB nHL), and 2.86% (75 dB nHL), and the response rate of cVEMP, 100% in both 100 dB nHL and 95dB nHL groups, was lowered to 97.14% (90 dB nHL), 84.29% (85 dB nHL), 38.57% (80 dB nHL) and 8.57% (75 dB nHL). The response rate and the parameters were comparable between 100 and 95 dB nHL groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As the acoustic stimulus intensity decreases, both oVEMP and cVEMP show decreased response rate and amplitude. For Chinese subjects under 40 years of age, we recommend 95dB nHL as the maximum initial stimulus intensity in VEMPs test.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Acoustic Stimulation , Acoustics , Evoked Potentials , Sound , Vestibular Evoked Myogenic PotentialsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the aging effects on air-conducted sound (ACS) elicited ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) in normal Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nighty-seven normal subjects (194 ears) were recruited for conventional ACS-oVEMP and ACS-cVEMP examinations. The candidates'age were 4-83 years old (Ave. ± SD, 45.7 ± 19.3), 41 male and 56 female, divided into 5 groups according to age. 500 Hz short tone burst was employed for examinations. Thresholds were identified and the parameters of the responses to 100dB nHL were calculated and compared among groups. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the date.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As the age growing, the response rate for oVEMP decreased. It was recorded 100% in both ≤ 10-year-old and 11-30-year-old groups, 84.00% in the 31-50-year-old group, 48.15% in the 51-70-year-old group and 15.00% in the > 70-year-old group; while that for cVEMP were 100% in both ≤ 10-year-old group and 11-30-year-old group, 82.00% in the 31-50-year-old group, 77.78% in the 51-70-year-old group and 45.00% in the > 70-year-old group. The thresholds elevated and the amplitudes decreased in both examinations with the age growing. However, latencies and latency-intervals of both oVEMP and cVEMP examinations displayed minor difference among groups except that nI latency of oVEMP prolonged with age growing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>With the age growing, the otolithic end organ input pathways degenerate in normal subjects, as shown that ACS elicited oVEMP and cVEMP responsed less with higher threshold and smaller amplitude. The extremely low response rates of both VEMPs in the > 70-year-old group in this study indicates that VEMPs can only provide limited diagnostic information among very old people in clinical practice.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Aging , Evoked Potentials , Eye , Head , Neck , Otolithic Membrane , Sound , Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials , Vestibule, LabyrinthABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe waveform differences among ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (ACS-oVEMP) elicited by different types of air conducted sound in normal young Chinese subjects.@*METHOD@#Twenty-two adult volunteers (44 ears) were recruited as research subjects including 12 males and 10 females aged between 18 and 35. Five hundred Hz tone burst, 125 Hz tone burst and click were employed as stimulus for conventional ACS-oVEMP examinations in bilateral ears of each subject. The response rate, threshold, n I latency, p I latency, n I-p I latency interval, amplitude and inter-aural asymmetry were recorded and compared among groups.@*RESULT@#The response rate was 100% (44/44) in 500 Hz tone burst group, 40.9% (18/44) in 125 Hz tone burst group and 29.6% (12/44) in click group There were statistical significant differences between the 500 Hz tone burst group and the other groups (P < 0.05). Waveform amplitude was the largest in the 500 Hz tone burst group (7.3 +/- 5.5) muV than that in the 125 Hz tone burst group (3.8 +/- 1.5) muV and that in the click group (5.8 +/- 1.3) muV, which had statistically significant differences between the former and the later two groups (P < 0.05). Other waveform parameters presented similar differeces.@*CONCLUSION@#ACS-oVEMP waveforms could be largely affected by different stimulus. 500 Hz tone burst was the best stimulus with highest response rate, biggest amplitude and therefore most easily recognizable waveform in ACS-oVEMP examination.